CISA Known Exploited Vulnerability (KEV)
HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack Vulnerability
October 10, 2023
October 31, 2023
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Description
The HTTP/2 protocol allows a denial of service (server resource consumption) because request cancellation can reset many streams quickly, as exploited in the wild in August through October 2023.
References
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/13/4
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/13/9
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/18/4
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/18/8
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/19/6
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/20/8
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-44487
- https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/10/how-ddosers-used-the-http-2-protocol-to-deliver-attacks-of-unprecedented-size/
- https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2023-011/
- https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/
- https://blog.cloudflare.com/zero-day-rapid-reset-http2-record-breaking-ddos-attack/
- https://blog.litespeedtech.com/2023/10/11/rapid-reset-http-2-vulnerablilty/
- https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2023/10/10/cve-2023-44487-http-2-rapid-reset-attack
- https://blog.vespa.ai/cve-2023-44487/
- https://bugzilla.proxmox.com/show_bug.cgi?id=4988
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2242803
- https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1216123
- https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=c64c329c2c1752f46b73e3e6ce9f4329be6629f9
- https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-cloud-mitigated-largest-ddos-attack-peaking-above-398-million-rps/
- https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/how-it-works-the-novel-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack
- https://community.traefik.io/t/is-traefik-vulnerable-to-cve-2023-44487/20125
- https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2023-32-vault-consul-and-boundary-affected-by-http-2-rapid-reset-denial-of-service-vulnerability-cve-2023-44487/59715
- https://edg.io/lp/blog/resets-leaks-ddos-and-the-tale-of-a-hidden-cve
- https://forums.swift.org/t/swift-nio-http2-security-update-cve-2023-44487-http-2-dos/67764
- https://gist.github.com/adulau/7c2bfb8e9cdbe4b35a5e131c66a0c088
- https://github.com/Azure/AKS/issues/3947
- https://github.com/Kong/kong/discussions/11741
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vx74-f528-fxqg
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p
- https://github.com/akka/akka-http/issues/4323
- https://github.com/alibaba/tengine/issues/1872
- https://github.com/apache/apisix/issues/10320
- https://github.com/apache/httpd-site/pull/10
- https://github.com/apache/httpd/blob/afcdbeebbff4b0c50ea26cdd16e178c0d1f24152/modules/http2/h2_mplx.c#L1101-L1113
- https://github.com/apache/tomcat/tree/main/java/org/apache/coyote/http2
- https://github.com/apache/trafficserver/pull/10564
- https://github.com/arkrwn/PoC/tree/main/CVE-2023-44487
- https://github.com/bcdannyboy/CVE-2023-44487
- https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/5877
- https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/tag/v2.7.5
- https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/277
- https://github.com/dotnet/core/blob/e4613450ea0da7fd2fc6b61dfb2c1c1dec1ce9ec/release-notes/6.0/6.0.23/6.0.23.md?plain=1#L73
- https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/issues/10679
- https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy/pull/30055
- https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/16740
- https://github.com/facebook/proxygen/pull/466
- https://github.com/golang/go/issues/63417
- https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/pull/6703
- https://github.com/h2o/h2o/pull/3291
- https://github.com/h2o/h2o/security/advisories/GHSA-2m7v-gc89-fjqf
- https://github.com/haproxy/haproxy/issues/2312
- https://github.com/icing/mod_h2/blob/0a864782af0a942aa2ad4ed960a6b32cd35bcf0a/mod_http2/README.md?plain=1#L239-L244
- https://github.com/junkurihara/rust-rpxy/issues/97
- https://github.com/kazu-yamamoto/http2/commit/f61d41a502bd0f60eb24e1ce14edc7b6df6722a1
- https://github.com/kazu-yamamoto/http2/issues/93
- https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/121120
- https://github.com/line/armeria/pull/5232
- https://github.com/linkerd/website/pull/1695/commits/4b9c6836471bc8270ab48aae6fd2181bc73fd632
- https://github.com/micrictor/http2-rst-stream
- https://github.com/microsoft/CBL-Mariner/pull/6381
- https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/58f75f665aa81a8cbcf6ffa74820042a285c5e61
- https://github.com/nghttp2/nghttp2/pull/1961
- https://github.com/nghttp2/nghttp2/releases/tag/v1.57.0
- https://github.com/ninenines/cowboy/issues/1615
- https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/50121
- https://github.com/openresty/openresty/issues/930
- https://github.com/opensearch-project/data-prepper/issues/3474
- https://github.com/oqtane/oqtane.framework/discussions/3367
- https://github.com/projectcontour/contour/pull/5826
- https://github.com/tempesta-tech/tempesta/issues/1986
- https://github.com/varnishcache/varnish-cache/issues/3996
- https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/iNNxDTCjZvo
- https://istio.io/latest/news/security/istio-security-2023-004/
- https://linkerd.io/2023/10/12/linkerd-cve-2023-44487/
- https://lists.apache.org/thread/5py8h42mxfsn8l1wy6o41xwhsjlsd87q
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00020.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00023.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00024.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00045.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00047.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/11/msg00001.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/11/msg00012.html
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2MBEPPC36UBVOZZNAXFHKLFGSLCMN5LI/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3N4NJ7FR4X4FPZUGNTQAPSTVB2HB2Y4A/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BFQD3KUEMFBHPAPBGLWQC34L4OWL5HAZ/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CLB4TW7KALB3EEQWNWCN7OUIWWVWWCG2/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/E72T67UPDRXHIDLO3OROR25YAMN4GGW5/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FNA62Q767CFAFHBCDKYNPBMZWB7TWYVU/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HT7T2R4MQKLIF4ODV4BDLPARWFPCJ5CZ/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JIZSEFC3YKCGABA2BZW6ZJRMDZJMB7PJ/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JMEXY22BFG5Q64HQCM5CK2Q7KDKVV4TY/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KSEGD2IWKNUO3DWY4KQGUQM5BISRWHQE/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LKYHSZQFDNR7RSA7LHVLLIAQMVYCUGBG/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LNMZJCDHGLJJLXO4OXWJMTVQRNWOC7UL/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VHUHTSXLXGXS7JYKBXTA3VINUPHTNGVU/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VSRDIV77HNKUSM7SJC5BKE5JSHLHU2NK/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WE2I52RHNNU42PX6NZ2RBUHSFFJ2LVZX/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WLPRQ5TWUQQXYWBJM7ECYDAIL2YVKIUH/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/X6QXN4ORIVF6XBW4WWFE7VNPVC74S45Y/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XFOIBB4YFICHDM7IBOP7PWXW3FX4HLL2/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZB43REMKRQR62NJEI7I5NQ4FSXNLBKRT/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZKQSIKIAT5TJ3WSLU3RDBQ35YX4GY4V3/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZLU6U2R2IC2K64NDPNMV55AUAO65MAF4/
- https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/2023OctDec/0025.html
- https://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2023-October/S36Q5HBXR7CAIMPLLPRSSSYR4PCMWILK.html
- https://martinthomson.github.io/h2-stream-limits/draft-thomson-httpbis-h2-stream-limits.html
- https://msrc.microsoft.com/blog/2023/10/microsoft-response-to-distributed-denial-of-service-ddos-attacks-against-http/2/
- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-44487
- https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000137106
- https://netty.io/news/2023/10/10/4-1-100-Final.html
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37830987
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37830998
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37831062
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37837043
- https://openssf.org/blog/2023/10/10/http-2-rapid-reset-vulnerability-highlights-need-for-rapid-response/
- https://seanmonstar.com/post/730794151136935936/hyper-http2-rapid-reset-unaffected
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-09
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231016-0001/
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240426-0007/
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006/
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0007/
- https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2023-44487
- https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html#Fixed_in_Apache_Tomcat_10.1.14
- https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-44487
- https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-http-2-rapid-reset-zero-day-attack-breaks-ddos-records/
- https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2023/10/10/http2-rapid-reset-vulnerability-cve-2023-44487
- https://www.darkreading.com/cloud/internet-wide-zero-day-bug-fuels-largest-ever-ddos-event
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5521
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5522
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5540
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5549
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5558
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5570
- https://www.haproxy.com/blog/haproxy-is-not-affected-by-the-http-2-rapid-reset-attack-cve-2023-44487
- https://www.netlify.com/blog/netlify-successfully-mitigates-cve-2023-44487/
- https://www.nginx.com/blog/http-2-rapid-reset-attack-impacting-f5-nginx-products/
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/10/6
- https://www.phoronix.com/news/HTTP2-Rapid-Reset-Attack
- https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/10/http2_rapid_reset_zeroday/
Weakness Enumeration
| CWE-ID | CWE Name |
|---|---|
CWE-400 |
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption |